Stroke

There are various types of heart and blood vessel diseases. Many of them can be prevented when you take these key steps. © AHA

It's critical to diagnose a stroke in progress because the treatment for stroke depends on the type of stroke, and, in some cases, the location of the injury to the brain. Other conditions with similar symptoms to stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) will need to be ruled out to diagnose stroke. Some of these include seizures, fainting, migraine headaches, heart problems or other general medical conditions. © AHA

About 13 percent of strokes happen when a blood vessel ruptures in or near the brain. This is called a hemorrhagic stroke. When a hemorrhagic stroke happens, blood collects in the brain tissue. This is toxic for the brain tissue causing the cells in that area to weaken and die. © AHA

High blood pressure means that the force of the blood pushing against the blood vessel walls is consistently in the high range. Uncontrolled HBP can lead to stroke, heart attack, heart failure or kidney failure. © AHA

The majority of strokes occur when blood vessels to the brain become narrowed or clogged with fatty deposits called plaque. This cuts off blood flow to brain cells. A stroke caused by lack of blood reaching part of the brain is called an ischemic stroke. High blood pressure is a leading risk factor for ischemic stroke. © AHA

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is often called a mini-stroke, but it's really a warning stroke. TIA and stroke symptoms are the same, although most TIA symptoms last only a few minutes (but up to 24 hours). While TIAs generally do not cause permanent brain damage, they are major warnings and should not be ignored. © AHA

Many strokes may be prevented through blood pressure control, a healthy diet, regular physical activity and smoking cessation. Each plays a big part in decreasing your risk for stroke, disability or even death. © AHA

There are risk factors that can lead to stroke that you can control and risk factors you can't control. Learn which ones you can change or treat and know which risk factors are out of your control. © AHA

A stroke occurs when a blood vessel that carries oxygen and nutrients to the brain is either blocked by a clot or bursts. It can cause permanent disability or even death. Although stroke is the fifth-leading cause of death, Hispanic people in the U.S. face an even higher risk. It's the No. 4 cause of death for Hispanic men and No. 3 for women. © AHA

Stroke — the fifth leading cause of death in America — is a "brain attack" that occurs when blood that brings oxygen to your brain stops flowing and brain cells die. Black Americans have a higher prevalence of stroke and highest death rate from stroke than any other racial group. © AHA

Adults who have diabetes are two times as likely to have a stroke compared to people who do not have diabetes. The connection between diabetes and stroke has to do with the way the body handles blood glucose to make energy. © AHA

Stroke occurs when a blood vessel bringing blood and oxygen to the brain gets blocked by a clot or ruptures. When this happens, brain cells don't get the blood and oxygen that they need to survive. This causes nerve cells to stop working and die within minutes. Then, the part of the body they control are affected. The effects of stroke may be permanent depending on how many cells die, where they are in the brain, and other factors. © AHA

This Post-Stroke Checklist has been developed to help healthcare professionals identify decline or changes in post-stroke function and cognition that may respond well to treatment and/or referral. It is a brief and easy-to-use tool, intended for completion with the patient and the help of a caregiver, if necessary. © AHA

After a stroke, survivors often experience emotional, behavioral and cognitive changes. That's because stroke affects the brain, which controls our emotions, behavior and thinking. These changes are common and vary greatly.

Understand how certain features of a home, including floor coverings, passageway widths, and grade changes can pose challenges for stroke survivors. Learn how to make simple changes to your home to make it easier and safer to navigate. © AHA

Learn how making modifications to your kitchen can help make cooking safer and easier. © AHA

Learn that certain modifications made to your bathroom will help make tasks easier and safer to complete. © AHA

Learn that many challenges experienced in the bedroom can be resolved with low-cost to no-cost modifications to match your abilities. © AHA

Learn tips for safely transferring with a wheelchair. © AHA

To help you adjust to your new responsibilities as stroke caregiver, this resource will help you find the emotional care and support you need from your community, family and friends. © AHA

As a new caregiver, getting a grasp of legal, financial and health issues can be overwhelming. This resource will provide a quick overview to get you started. © AHA

As a caregiver, communicating with the healthcare team can help you understand what happened during your loved one's stroke, what to expect during the recovery process and how to help him/her recover. As a result, you can feel less stressed and overwhelmed. © AHA

Your brain controls how you move, feel, communicate, think and act. Brain injury from a stroke may affect any of these abilities. Some changes are common, no matter where the injury occurs in the brain. Others are based on which side of the brain the stroke injures. © AHA

The treating doctor's highest priorities are to prevent complications that can occur as a result from the stroke and to prevent another stroke. Your doctor must determine that you are medically stable and able to resume some self-care activities. This means that all complications must be treated and under control. Some things happen as a direct result of injury to the brain due to stroke. Others are because of a change in your abilities. For example, being unable to move freely can result in bedsores. Clinical depression can also occur with a stroke. © AHA

Driving is often a major concern after a stroke. It's not unusual for stroke survivors to want to drive. Getting around after a stroke is important — but safety is even more important. © AHA

After a stroke, muscles may become stiff, tighten up and resist stretching. This is called spasticity. Spasticity relates to muscle tone. Tone is the natural tension, or contraction, in a muscle that resists stretching. Stroke may cause an abnormal increase in muscle tone, leading to spasticity. © AHA

After a stroke, many survivors develop post-stroke fatigue, which means they may feel more tired or lack energy. They can experience this fatigue at any time after their stroke, regardless of what type of stroke they had. For some, this feeling may continue for years, but they usually find ways to make the most of the energy they have. © AHA

The brain is an extremely complex organ that controls countless body functions. Depending on the location and extent of brain tissue affected due to your stroke, you may have different vision issues, such as reading problems, poor visual memory and decreased depth perception and balance. © AHA

Most stroke survivors are able to return home and resume many of the activities they did before the stroke. Leaving the hospital may seem scary at first because so many things may have changed. The hospital staff can help prepare you to go home or to another setting that can better meet your needs. © AHA

Aphasia is a language disorder that impairs the ability to communicate. It's most often caused by stroke-related injuries to areas of the brain that control speech and language. © AHA

There is life - and hope - after stroke. Rehabilitation (rehab) can build your strength, capability and confidence. It can help you continue your daily activities despite the effects of your stroke. © AHA

Everyone involved in helping a stroke survivor is a caregiver. It can be the spouse, family members or friends. Often one person, spouse, adult child or parent, will provide most of the care. It's important that caregivers and stroke survivors strive to be "care partners" in their efforts. © AHA

Navigating relationships with a family member or friend who's had a stroke can be challenging. The brain is an extremely complex organ that controls various body functions, and physical emotional changes, even if temporary, are common post-stroke. © AHA

Housework may pose challenges for individuals who have had a stroke. Often these challenges can be resolved with simple modifications to the task, the tools or the environment. Read this to find out how. © AHA

People who assist stroke survivors are often called caregivers. It can be the spouse, family members or friends. Often, one person — spouse, adult child or parent — provides most of the care. It's important that caregivers and stroke survivors be "care partners." The challenges to adjust to your new role may be easier if both share in decision-making. It's also important to share how you're feeling. © AHA